Skip to Main Content

Best Practice for Literature Searching

For the sciences of food and health

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Author

This section of the best practice guide has been written by Natasha Spencer-Jolliffe, Lion Spirit Media.

Using AI in academic research

How to use AI ethically and effectively in academic research is a complex, challenging and comprehensive consideration. It affects researchers, writers, publishing houses, educational institutions, students and the wider academic community.

At IFIS Publishing, we recognise that the advancing technology and conversations around it are increasing, so as AI continues to develop, key educational resources are essential to support researchers and writers throughout their academic research.

As a result, we have added a section about AI to our best practice guide to help steer effective literature searching while maintaining scientific integrity.

How AI tools can be helpful 

AI tools can support researchers, writers and students during their academic research process, including the wordsmithing and research stages. The University of Arizona states wordsmithing tasks as those that don’t require search and are related to idea generation, honing ideas and forming the building blocks for creating academic research papers by focusing on writing levels and style.

As highlighted in a Harvard Business Publishing article, using AI in academic research can be your partner not your replacement. The benefits of generative AI in the academic sector revolve around the technology’s potential to help increase the writing process’s efficiency and enable researchers to communicate their findings more clearly.

A 2024 systematic review found AI can support academic writing and research by helping to manage complex ideas and comprehensive information. Specifically, it can help in six core ways:

  1. Generating ideas
  2. Structuring content
  3. Synthesising literature
  4. Managing data
  5. Editing content
  6. Complying with ethical requirements

Using AI tools to speed up part of the writing and research process may also mean academic journals can enter the widespread food industry quicker, enabling fellow researchers to draw upon their findings and start their studies sooner—ultimately bringing more research into the publishing sphere at a faster rate. AI tools can also help support researchers whose native language is not English in writing and gathering information more easily and efficiently.

Legitimate uses of AI tools in academic research

Researchers can use AI during the research process for tasks such as:

  • Finding gaps in scientific research
  • Identifying websites, web pages, journal articles and blogs that answer their question
  • Managing data and automatically recording identified sources of information
  • Verifying findings
  • Maintaining a digital audit trail to improve transparency
  • Ask questions from a specific website, web page, journal article or blog.
  • Summarise findings from websites, web pages, journal articles and blogs. Users can enter the prompt: Summarise information on this page.
  • If in PDF form, users can upload a journal article’s PDF and AI tools can ask questions or summarise information.
  • Fact-check information

Legitimate uses of AI tools in academic writing

Researchers can use AI during the ideation and writing process for tasks such as:

  • Creating ideas for food research and examples of existing academia
  • Honing in on specific topic ideas by narrowing down ideas during the idea generation phase.
  • Producing ideas for keywords to enter into library databases during the search phase.
  • Providing information summaries and outlines to start the writing process or progress it at each stage of the study write-up.
  • Check for spelling and grammatical errors.
  • Modifying the writing level of language used. For example, AI can help change this between writing that is appropriate for young children, adolescents, university students and academics.
  • Modifying the writing style. AI tools can help indicate how users can change language to create a more formal or informal, humorous or stoic, diplomatic or direct tone.
  • Predicting and editing content based on expected reviewer feedback.

Considerations when using AI tools

Whether an AI tool is grounded in a fact-based source is crucial when choosing one to support academic research. One way to ascertain its credibility and validity in academic food research is how extensive the objective data is that a tool relies on.

The University of Arizona says that ChatGPT 4o mini and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, both free versions, are grounded in something other than facts as they only operate by relying on their training data.

When platforms or tools like these use data based on their training, it can quickly become outdated, restrictive and inaccurate in providing reliable information. ChatGPT 4o mini was trained until October 2023 while Claude 3.5 Sonnetwas until April 2024.

Other accessible AI tools are grounded in fact-based sources, which means they can also use web search results or other types of search results alongside their AI-generated findings to provide more comprehensive insights on a particular area of food research.

ChatGPT Plus, ChatGPT-4o (available for limited use in free accounts), Perplexity AI (available in both free and pro versions), Microsoft Copilot (in free and pro versions) and Google Gemini (in free and pro versions) are examples of these available and grounded AI tools.

Many tools have free and pro versions. The free tools often provide limited functions and usage limits, while the pro versions offer more extensive and unlimited capabilities.

Concerns about using AI tools

Concerns about using AI tools

In 2024, at the Special Libraries Association annual conference hosted at the University of Rhode Island, Brian Pitchman, Director of Strategic Innovation at Evolve Project, discussed AI’s new frontiers, including the challenges it’s likely to experience as it evolves.

One of these is described as “garbage in, garbage out”, emphasising the importance of precision and quality data. Ultimately, the essential rule of thumb is that the results of anything you’re doing in AI are only as good as the data you put in it in the first place.

1. Accuracy of results and the challenge of generative inbreeding in AI content

The downside of using AI in academic research and writing is that it may lack accuracy. It is at risk of providing false references, otherwise known as artificial hallucinations. Fictional information, too, is a considerable concern. AI tools’ capabilities to learn user biases and feed these into algorithms also have the potential to produce offensive material, including sexist and racist content.

Whether AI can detect AI is also a problem today due to the sheer amount of content that AI generates. If AI tools are using that content and populating the research sphere with even more AI-based content, it becomes difficult to know what’s AI and what’s not AI. The term for this is generative inbreeding.

2. Unethical uses of AI tools in academic research and writing

With AI rapidly on the rise due to the arrival of its more advanced evolution, generative AI, academic institutions from schools, colleges, universities and professional development organisations have concerns about the proliferation of the technology in education.

Now, peer-reviewed academic journals are also worried about the rate and level at which AI is being deployed to support researchers with writing—from creating research outlines and drafts to completing entire papers.

Without undergoing a vetting procedure by publishing houses or academics disclosing AI tools in their work, using AI tools may be considered plagiarism. AI tools could also result in the spread of fake references and insights, producing an inaccurate and non-credible picture of the food research space. The added problem of failing to make the use of AI clear and exactly how and where it’s been used in the journal article is another issue affecting academia.

3. Difficulty in detecting AI, restricting trust and credibility

AI increasingly appears in academic journal searches and writing, ultimately finding its way into final journal articles. However, while it provides various uses, it’s often hard to detect, limiting its acceptance and uptake in the research community. Subsequently, it risks restricting academia’s trust in the research process and potentially the findings and conclusions themselves, lowering their credibility.

Despite ethical watchdogs investigating instances of generative AI use in academic research that makes its way into scientific writing, there’s no advanced method of detection that matches AI’s sophistication.

In August 2023, the online publication WIRED brought attention to one peer-reviewed study in the academic journal Resources Policy, belonging to Elsevier Publishing, that contained the sentence: “Please note that as an AI language model, I am unable to generate specific tables or conduct tests, so the actual results should be included in the table.”

Apart from this sentence, the journal article appeared like other academic research papers. The study’s authors were listed with names and institutions and did not appear to be produced using AI language models. After another researcher published a screenshot of this sentence to X (formerly known as Twitter), Elsevier began investigating. In response, Elsevier highlighted its publishing ethics on X, referencing its rules on acceptable use and necessary disclosure methods.

While the publishing house does not prohibit the use of AI tools, it does require disclosure. Without disclosure, readers, including other researchers and the publishers, do not know the methods—a growing number of which may rely on AI to support their writing and research process—are used, pulling a veil over writing and research methods.

Balancing effectiveness with ethical issues

Balancing effectiveness with ethical issues

There is no standard definition or response to using AI tools in academic research, making it harder for researchers to know the do’s and don’ts of using AI tools to assist them in their research. Typically, the rule of thumb is that journal policies stipulate that it’s the author’s responsibility to ensure the validity of information provided by AI.

The use of AI in academic research appears to be becoming a field of study in its own right. Guillaume Cabanac, a professor of computer science at the University of Toulouse explored this subject in 2021. With his team, Cabanac identified several telltale signs of text generator use in academic research, including “tortured phrases”, complicated or convoluted wordplay instead of simple terminology and generative AI.

AI detection tools are one way to counter unethical uses of AI and a lack of vetting or disclosure. In 2023, researchers studied using a tool that can review science writing and differentiate with 99% accuracy those written by a human and those created by ChatGPT. Rather than building a “one-size-fits-all” approach, the researchers sought to develop an accurate tool focused on a narrow type of writing.

As AI only becomes more advanced, academia needs to prioritise education on AI tools and the opportunities and challenges associated with their use to retain scientific integrity, trust and credibility.

A case study: Using AI in a mock research setting

A case study: Using AI in a mock research setting

To see how well AI tools perform at responding to prompts and the level of information provided, IFIS Publishing entered several questions into five of the leading AI tools available:

Here are the prompts entered into each of these AI tools:

  • Find recent scientific research on nutrition.
  • What do research findings say about how people can eat a nutritious diet?
  • What conclusions do recent research studies make about eating a nutritious diet?

AI tools in academic research: Our results

AI tools in academic research: Our results

Here is what we found. Please note that all these prompts have been entered into the free versions of the tools below.

Perplexity

Users do not need to create an account to use its free version.

Prompt 1: Find recent scientific research on nutrition.

Response:

“Here are some key findings from recent nutrition research:

Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes

The MIND diet, which emphasizes plant-based foods and healthy fats, may help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. A study found similar benefits for both Black and white participants following this diet1.

Replacing ultra-processed foods in the diet with less processed options can lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes1. Additionally, higher consumption of red and processed meat is associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk, according to an analysis of nearly 2 million people1.

Specific Nutrients and Foods

Blackcurrant supplementation may help mitigate bone loss in postmenopausal women1.

Higher fruit consumption in midlife was linked to lower odds of depression later in life in a large Singapore cohort study2.

Omega-3 therapy showed promise in preventing birth-related brain injury in newborn rodents2.

Eating Behaviors and Timing

Binge-eating disorder appears to be more persistent than previously thought, with many individuals still experiencing symptoms 2.5 to 5 years later2.

Teens with later sleep schedules tend to be less active and consume more carbohydrates2.

Mechanisms and Pathways

Researchers identified a unique brain circuit linked to body mass index2.

A study found that poor diet quality may lead to brain changes associated with depression and anxiety2.

New research suggests obesity may be driven by a buildup of molecular mesh around hunger-regulating neurons, disrupting normal food intake and metabolism5.

Public Health and Nutrition

Calorie labels on alcoholic drinks may influence over half of heavier drinkers in England to change their drinking habits1.

Reducing serving sizes of beer, lager and cider in pubs and restaurants by about 10% could be an effective alcohol control measure1.

This overview highlights some of the diverse and impactful nutrition research published in recent months, spanning topics from specific dietary components to broader eating patterns and public health interventions.”

Additional information:

The tool also provides the sources of information behind this generated response, which it lists as:

It also provides content it deems related content:

  • How does the MIND diet impact cognitive health
  • What are the benefits of replacing ultra-processed foods in the diet
  • How do brown adipocytes help in weight management
  • What foods have low Nutri-Scores and why are they risky
  • How do early lifestyle changes affect metabolism later in life

Prompt 2: What do research findings say about how people can eat a nutritious diet?

Response:

Based on the search results and current nutrition research, here are some key recommendations for eating a nutritious diet:

Focus on Plant-Based Foods

Emphasize consumption of:

  • Green leafy vegetables and other vegetables
  • Berries and other fruits
  • Whole grains
  • Legumes and beans
  • Nuts and seeds

Plant-based foods provide essential nutrients, fiber, and beneficial phytochemicals that support overall health and cognitive function23.

Choose Healthy Protein Sources

Opt for:

  • Fish and seafood
  • Poultry
  • Plant proteins like beans and nuts

Limit red meat and processed meats, which are associated with higher health risks2.

Include Healthy Fats

Use olive oil as a primary cooking oil and include other sources of healthy fats like avocados and nuts34.

Limit Unhealthy Foods

Reduce intake of:

  • Ultra-processed foods
  • Added sugars and sweets
  • Fried foods and fast food
  • Butter, stick margarine, and cheese
  • Foods high in saturated and trans fats34

Follow Healthy Dietary Patterns

Research supports the benefits of dietary patterns like:

  • The Mediterranean diet
  • The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
  • The MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet

These patterns emphasize plant-based foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats while limiting processed foods and added sugars34.

Practice Moderation

Consume alcohol, if at all, in moderation. The MIND diet allows up to one glass of wine per day4.

Consider Overall Dietary Quality

Focus on overall dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients. A balanced, varied diet rich in minimally processed plant foods appears most beneficial for long-term health and disease prevention12.

By following these evidence-based guidelines, individuals can work towards consuming a more nutritious diet that supports physical health, cognitive function, and overall wellbeing. However, it's important to note that dietary needs may vary based on individual factors, so consulting with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian can provide personalized guidance.

Additional information:

The tool also provides the sources of information behind this generated response, which it lists as:

It also provides content it deems related content:

  • What are the key components of a balanced diet for brain health
  • How can genetic factors influence dietary choices for better brain health
  • What role does socioeconomic status play in dietary choices
  • How can public policy promote affordable and nutritious food options
  • What are the benefits of gradual dietary modifications for better health

Prompt 3: What conclusions do recent research studies make about eating a nutritious diet?

Response:

Recent research studies have drawn several important conclusions about eating a nutritious diet:

Long-Term Health Benefits

Adhering to healthy dietary patterns can significantly increase life expectancy:

  • A study using UK Biobank data found that sustained dietary changes from unhealthy patterns to longevity-associated dietary patterns could increase life expectancy by 10.4-10.8 years for 40-year-old adults1.
  • Even changing to government-recommended dietary guidelines like the UK's Eatwell Guide was associated with 8.6-8.9 years of increased life expectancy1.

Brain Health and Cognitive Function

Nutritious diets show strong links to better brain health and cognitive performance:

  • A large study of over 180,000 participants found that a balanced diet was associated with superior cognitive functions, better mental health, and even higher amounts of grey matter in the brain2.
  • The MIND diet, which emphasizes brain-healthy foods, has been linked to slower cognitive decline and decreased dementia risk in multiple studies4.

Key Dietary Components

Certain foods and nutrients appear particularly beneficial:

  • Whole grains, nuts, fruits, and vegetables were associated with the largest improvements in life expectancy1.
  • Reducing sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats was also linked to significant health benefits1.
  • Plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts, are consistently associated with better health outcomes3.

Importance of Dietary Patterns

Research emphasizes overall dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients:

  • Healthy dietary patterns like the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets have shown benefits for reducing risk of chronic diseases and promoting brain health34.
  • These patterns are generally high in plant-based foods and lower in animal products, especially processed meats3.

Early Adoption and Gradual Changes

Developing healthy eating habits early and making gradual changes are important:

  • Establishing healthy food preferences early in life is crucial for healthy growth and development2.
  • Gradually reducing sugar and fat intake over time may help individuals naturally gravitate towards healthier food choices2.

Public Health Implications

The research highlights the need for public health initiatives:

  • Ensuring access to affordable, nutritious food options is essential for enabling the general public to make healthier dietary choices2.
  • Schools and families play a crucial role in offering diverse, nutritious meals and cultivating environments that support physical and mental health2.

In conclusion, recent research strongly supports the profound impact of nutritious dietary patterns on longevity, brain health, and overall wellbeing. It emphasizes the importance of plant-based foods, whole grains, and healthy fats while limiting processed foods and added sugars. These findings underscore the potential for dietary interventions to significantly improve public health outcomes.

Additional information:

The tool also provides the sources of information behind this generated response, which it lists as:

It also provides content it deems related content:

  • How does a nutritious diet impact life expectancy
  • What are the key dietary changes needed to prevent non-communicable diseases
  • How do whole grains, nuts, and fruits contribute to longevity
  • What role do sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats play in health outcomes
  • How does the Eatwell Guide compare to longevity-associated dietary patterns

ChatGPT

Users do not need to create an account to use its free version. The below is based on the prompts entered into ChatGPT 4o mini.

Prompt 1: Find recent scientific research on nutrition.

Response:

Here are some recent trends and areas of research in nutrition that have gained attention:

  1. Microbiome and Gut Health: Studies are increasingly exploring the role of gut microbiota in digestion, metabolism, and overall health. Research is looking at how diet influences gut bacteria and how this, in turn, affects conditions like obesity and autoimmune diseases.
  2. Plant-Based Diets: Research continues to support the benefits of plant-based diets for heart health, weight management, and reducing chronic disease risk. New studies are investigating the impact of specific plant foods and their nutrients on health outcomes.
  3. Personalized Nutrition: Advances in genetics and technology are leading to personalized nutrition approaches. Researchers are examining how individual genetic profiles can influence dietary needs and responses to different foods.
  4. Intermittent Fasting: This eating pattern has gained popularity, and research is ongoing into its effects on weight loss, metabolic health, and longevity.
  5. Nutritional Psychiatry: There's a growing body of evidence suggesting that diet can influence mental health. Studies are focusing on the relationship between dietary patterns and conditions like depression and anxiety.
  6. Food Sustainability: Research is exploring the nutritional quality of sustainable food sources, including plant-based proteins and alternative food systems, and their impacts on both health and the environment.

For the latest studies, academic journals like The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition Reviews, and The Journal of Nutrition often publish cutting-edge research. Websites like PubMed and Google Scholar can also provide access to recent articles in the field. If you have access to specific databases or journals, I can help you find more targeted information!

Prompt 2: What do research findings say about how people can eat a nutritious diet?

Response:

  1. Variety and Balance: Consuming a wide range of foods from all food groups—fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and healthy fats—ensures a balanced intake of essential nutrients.
  2. Plant-Based Focus: Diets rich in plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains, are associated with lower risks of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean and DASH diets are notable examples.
  3. Portion Control: Being mindful of portion sizes helps manage calorie intake. Research suggests that using smaller plates and being aware of serving sizes can prevent overeating.
  4. Limit Processed Foods: Reducing the intake of highly processed foods, which often contain added sugars, unhealthy fats, and sodium, can improve overall health. Whole, minimally processed foods are preferable.
  5. Mindful Eating: Practicing mindful eating—paying attention to hunger cues, savoring food, and reducing distractions—can enhance the eating experience and promote healthier choices.
  6. Meal Planning: Planning meals and snacks ahead of time can help people make healthier choices, save money, and reduce food waste.
  7. Hydration: Drinking plenty of water and limiting sugary beverages can support overall health and help maintain a healthy weight.
  8. Consistency Over Perfection: Research emphasizes that consistency in making healthier choices is more beneficial than striving for perfection. Small, sustainable changes can lead to long-term improvements.
  9. Social and Environmental Factors: Recognizing the influence of social settings and the availability of healthy food options in one’s environment can help people make better dietary choices.

By integrating these findings into daily habits, individuals can foster a more nutritious diet and promote overall well-being.

Prompt 3: What conclusions do recent research studies make about eating a nutritious diet?

Response:

Recent research studies consistently highlight the numerous benefits of eating a nutritious diet. Here are some key conclusions:

  1. Physical Health: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
  2. Mental Well-Being: Nutritional choices significantly impact mental health. Diets high in processed foods and sugars are linked to increased risks of anxiety and depression, while those rich in nutrients support better mood and cognitive function.
  3. Weight Management: Nutritious diets can help with maintaining a healthy weight. Whole foods tend to be more satiating, leading to better appetite regulation compared to highly processed options.
  4. Gut Health: A diet high in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains promotes a healthy gut microbiome, which is crucial for digestion, immune function, and even mental health.
  5. Longevity: Studies suggest that diets emphasizing plant-based foods can contribute to increased lifespan and improved quality of life in older age.
  6. Economic and Environmental Impact: Choosing a nutritious diet can have positive effects not just on personal health, but also on public health systems and the environment, particularly when it encourages plant-based eating and sustainable practices.
  7. Education and Accessibility: Research underscores the importance of nutritional education and access to healthy foods in fostering healthier eating habits, particularly in underserved communities.

Overall, these studies advocate for a shift toward whole, minimally processed foods to enhance both individual and community health outcomes.

Below are answers to the same prompts after logging into ChatGPT, but still using their free version. For each of its responses, it confirms it searched sites and indicates where this is demonstrated in the responses.

Prompt 1: Find recent scientific research on nutrition.

Response:

Recent scientific research on nutrition has explored several emerging trends and areas of interest:

  1. Personalized Nutrition: A growing body of research highlights the shift towards personalized diets tailored to individual needs, particularly based on genetic profiles and the gut microbiome. This approach aims to optimize nutrition for better health outcomes, addressing conditions like obesity and metabolic diseases. This trend reflects an increasing focus on how food affects individuals uniquely, beyond traditional dietary guidelines​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(MDPI).
  2. Gut Health and Mental Well-being: Studies are further uncovering the strong link between gut health and mental health. Researchers are exploring how dietary choices, including the consumption of probiotics and fiber-rich foods, can influence the gut microbiome and, subsequently, mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(MDPI).
  3. Sustainable and Plant-based Diets: Sustainability is a major topic in nutrition research, with plant-based diets continuing to grow in popularity. Scientists are also investigating the environmental impact of food choices, looking into sustainable alternatives such as lab-grown meat and plant-based proteins, and their benefits for both human health and the planet​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(
    ScienceDaily).
  4. Cognitive and Brain Health: Nutrition's role in cognitive function and brain aging has garnered attention. Studies have linked nutrient-rich diets, such as those high in omega-3 fatty acids, with reduced cognitive decline, and research continues into how specific nutrients can help slow brain aging​(ScienceDaily).

These research directions indicate a broader shift towards more holistic, individualized, and sustainable approaches to nutrition.

Prompt 2: What do research findings say about how people can eat a nutritious diet?

Response

Recent research offers valuable insights into how people can adopt a nutritious diet for better health outcomes:

  1. Focus on Whole Foods: Many studies emphasize the importance of consuming whole, minimally processed foods. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats have been linked to lower risks of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. For instance, the Mediterranean diet, rich in vegetables, olive oil, and lean proteins like fish, has consistently been shown to improve cardiovascular health and cognitive function ​(MDPI)​(ScienceDaily).
  2. Personalized Nutrition: Research increasingly supports tailoring diets to individual needs, focusing on factors like genetics, gut microbiota, and specific health conditions. Personalized nutrition can help people optimize their health based on their unique biology. For example, some individuals may benefit more from diets that target gut health with probiotics and fiber, while others might need diets focused on managing blood sugar or inflammatory markers​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(MDPI).
  3. Limit Ultra-Processed Foods: Studies have found that consuming ultra-processed foods, which are high in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and preservatives, is associated with higher risks of obesity, cognitive decline, and other health issues. A nutritious diet involves cutting back on these foods and instead choosing natural, nutrient-dense alternatives like fruits, nuts, and whole grains ​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(ScienceDaily).
  4. Sustainability and Plant-Based Diets: Another growing trend is the emphasis on plant-based diets, both for health and environmental reasons. Diets that include a variety of plant-based foods, such as legumes, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, can provide essential nutrients while promoting sustainability. These diets are linked to better heart health and reduced environmental impact compared to diets high in animal products ​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(ScienceDaily).

In summary, a nutritious diet is one that prioritizes whole, plant-based foods, minimizes ultra-processed foods, and can be customized to fit individual health needs for optimal results.

Prompt 3: What conclusions do recent research studies make about eating a nutritious diet?

Response:

Recent research on nutrition offers several key conclusions about what constitutes a nutritious diet and its impact on health:

  1. Whole Foods as a Foundation: Consuming a diet rich in whole, unprocessed foods is critical for long-term health. Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats provide essential nutrients that support metabolic health, reduce inflammation, and lower the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers ​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(MDPI). Diets like the Mediterranean and plant-based diets, which emphasize these foods, are especially beneficial.
  2. Personalization of Diets: Many recent studies emphasize the importance of personalized nutrition. Tailoring dietary recommendations to an individual’s genetics, gut microbiome, and specific health needs can enhance outcomes such as weight management, mental health, and disease prevention. Personalized nutrition is particularly promising in managing conditions like obesity and metabolic syndrome​(MDPI)​(Center for Nutrition Studies).
  3. Limit Ultra-Processed Foods: Studies consistently show that diets high in ultra-processed foods contribute to poor health outcomes. These foods, which are often rich in sugars, unhealthy fats, and additives, are linked to increased risks of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive decline. Reducing intake of processed foods and focusing on nutrient-dense, whole foods is a key strategy for maintaining health ​(ScienceDaily).
  4. Gut Health and Mental Well-Being: Nutrition plays a significant role in gut health, which in turn affects mental well-being. Research highlights the connection between gut microbiota and mood disorders like anxiety and depression. A diet rich in fiber, probiotics, and fermented foods can help maintain a healthy gut, contributing to improved mental health and overall well-being​(MDPI)​(Center for Nutrition Studies).
  5. Sustainable and Plant-Based Eating: There is increasing consensus on the environmental and health benefits of plant-based diets. These diets, which prioritize legumes, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, have been shown to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and promote heart health, while also being more sustainable for the planet ​(Center for Nutrition Studies)​(ScienceDaily).

In summary, the consensus from recent research is that a nutritious diet should prioritize whole, minimally processed foods, be tailored to individual health needs, and include a focus on gut health and sustainability. This approach supports physical and mental health while reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

CoPilot

Users do not need to create an account to use its free version.

Prompt 1: Find recent scientific research on nutrition.

Response:

Here are some recent findings in the field of nutrition:

  1. Diet and Brain Health: A study published in Nature highlighted a strong link between dietary choices and brain health. It found that a balanced diet is associated with better cognitive function and mental well-being1.
  2. Popular Nutrition Research: The American Society for Nutrition shared trending research articles from 2021, covering topics like the impact of whole milk on childhood overweight, the benefits of regular coffee consumption, and the risks associated with red meat intake23.
  3. Nutrition Research News: ScienceDaily regularly updates with the latest in nutrition research, including studies on obesity, herbal supplements, and the role of diet in maintaining health4.

Is there a specific aspect of nutrition you’re particularly interested in?

Additional information:

It references links to the source below:

Learn more

1 sciencedaily.com

2 nutrition.org

3 nutrition.org

4 sciencedaily.com

5 gettyimages.com

Prompt 2: What do research findings say about how people can eat a nutritious diet?

Response:

Research offers several key guidelines for maintaining a nutritious diet:

  1. Balanced Diet: Consuming a variety of foods from all food groups ensures you get a range of nutrients. This includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
  2. Portion Control: Paying attention to portion sizes helps prevent overeating and maintains a healthy weight.
  3. Limit Processed Foods: Reducing intake of processed and sugary foods can lower the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
  4. Hydration: Drinking plenty of water is crucial for overall health. It helps with digestion, nutrient absorption, and maintaining energy levels.
  5. Mindful Eating: Being aware of what and how much you eat can improve your relationship with food and help you make healthier choices.

Are there any specific dietary habits or foods you’re curious about?

Additional information:

The responses suggests possible next steps, detailed below:

  • What are some superfoods I should include in my diet?
  • How can I improve my gut health through nutrition?
  • Tell me more about the Mediterranean diet.

Prompt 3: What conclusions do recent research studies make about eating a nutritious diet?

Response:

Recent research studies emphasize several key conclusions about eating a nutritious diet:

  1. Diverse Diets: Consuming a wide variety of foods ensures a broad spectrum of nutrients, which is essential for overall health. This includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
  2. Plant-Based Benefits: Diets rich in plant-based foods, such as the Mediterranean diet, are linked to lower risks of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
  3. Reduced Processed Foods: Limiting processed and sugary foods can significantly reduce the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and other health issues.
  4. Mindful Eating: Paying attention to hunger and fullness cues, and eating without distractions, can improve dietary habits and prevent overeating.
  5. Hydration: Adequate water intake is crucial for maintaining bodily functions, including digestion, nutrient transport, and temperature regulation.

These findings highlight the importance of a balanced, varied diet and mindful eating practices for maintaining good health. Is there a specific aspect of nutrition you’re interested in exploring further?

Additional information:

The responses suggest possible next steps, detailed below:

  • How does nutrition impact mental health?
  • Tell me more about the benefits of intermittent fasting.
  • What are some common diet myths and misconceptions?

Gemini

Prompt 1: Find recent scientific research on nutrition.

Response:

Recent Scientific Research on Nutrition

Here are some recent scientific findings in the field of nutrition:

Gut Microbiome and Health

  • Gut bacteria influence brain health: Studies have shown that the composition of your gut microbiome can impact mood, cognitive function, and even neurological disorders.
  • Dietary fiber feeds beneficial gut bacteria: Consuming a diet rich in fiber can promote the growth of healthy gut bacteria, leading to improved digestion and overall health.

Diet and Chronic Diseases

  • Mediterranean diet linked to lower risk of heart disease: Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been associated with a lower risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
  • Ultra-processed foods may increase health risks: Research suggests that excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, such as packaged snacks, sugary drinks, and fast food, may be linked to various health problems, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

Nutrition and Aging

  • Nutrient-dense foods may support brain health: A diet rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins may help protect against cognitive decline and age-related brain diseases.
  • Protein intake may influence muscle mass and strength: Adequate protein intake is essential for maintaining muscle mass and strength, especially as we age.

Emerging Nutrition Trends

  • Plant-based diets: There is growing interest in plant-based diets, which emphasize whole plant foods and limit or eliminate animal products.
  • Personalized nutrition: Advances in technology are enabling personalized nutrition plans based on individual genetic makeup and health goals.

For more in-depth information, you can explore these reputable sources:

Would you like to delve deeper into a specific area of nutrition research?

Additional information:

Below this, users are given the following information:

Search related topics:

  • Recent scientific research on nutrition
  • What are the current nutritional issues?
  • How do I choose a nutrition research topics?

Prompt 2: What do research findings say about how people can eat a nutritious diet?

Response:

Research Findings on a Nutritious Diet

Research has consistently shown that a balanced, nutritious diet is crucial for optimal health and well-being. Here are some key findings:

Key Components of a Healthy Diet

  • Fruits and Vegetables: These are packed with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Aim for a variety of colors. 
  • Whole Grains: Choose whole grains over refined grains for more fiber and nutrients. 
  • Lean Proteins: Opt for lean sources like poultry, fish, beans, and lentils. 
  • Healthy Fats: Include sources like avocados, nuts, and seeds. 
  • Dairy or Dairy Alternatives: For calcium and vitamin D.

Dietary Patterns

  • Mediterranean Diet: This diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been linked to various health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease and stroke. 
  • DASH Diet: Designed to lower blood pressure, the DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. 

General Recommendations

  • Limit Processed Foods: These often contain unhealthy additives and excessive amounts of unhealthy fats, sugars, and sodium. 
  • Control Portion Sizes: Be mindful of portion sizes to avoid overeating.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. 
  • Consider Dietary Restrictions: If you have allergies, intolerances, or specific dietary needs, consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian.

Remember, individual needs may vary. It's always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized advice based on your specific health goals and circumstances. 

Would you like to know more about specific dietary guidelines or recommendations for a particular health condition?

Additional information

Below this, users are given the following sources and related content, with links:

Prompt 3: What conclusions do recent research studies make about eating a nutritious diet?

Response:

Recent research studies continue to emphasize the importance of a nutritious diet for overall health and well-being. Here are some key conclusions:

  • Balanced Diet is Essential: A balanced diet, incorporating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, is crucial for optimal health.
  • Chronic Disease Prevention: A nutritious diet can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
  • Mental Health Benefits: Research suggests that a healthy diet can positively impact mental health, including reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.
  • Gut Health: A nutritious diet can support a healthy gut microbiome, which plays a vital role in digestion, immune function, and overall health.
  • Personalized Nutrition: While general dietary guidelines are important, individual needs may vary. Personalized nutrition approaches, considering factors like genetics and lifestyle, can help tailor dietary recommendations to specific individuals.

In summary, recent research reinforces the longstanding understanding that a nutritious diet is a cornerstone of good health. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized advice based on your individual needs and goals. 

Would you like to learn more about specific dietary recommendations or the benefits of a particular nutrient?

Additional information

Below this, users are given the following sources and related content:

Disease Maps: https://www.diseasemaps.org/kienbock-disease/top-questions/diet/

Undermind

The AI tool requires users to login with their email address and password.

It provides the following instructions:

Welcome! I'm your research assistant. I can help you find academic papers.

You can tell me exactly what you want, like a colleague, and I'll understand. That means I can find very specific and extremely complex ideas.

To get started,

  1. First, tell me what you want to find.
  2. Then I'll ask one or two follow-up questions to make sure I understand what you want.
  3. Finally, I'll search the literature for you, and I'll write a comprehensive report on what I find.

To do a careful job, the final literature search will take ~3 minutes.

So, what topic do you want to find research papers on? Please be as detailed as possible.

 

Prompt 1: Find recent scientific research on nutrition.

Response:

I understand you're looking for " Find recent scientific research on nutrition. ". Can you be a bit more specific? Imagine explaining yourself fully to a colleague. What would you tell them?

Having this detailed information is crucial to help us find exactly what you're looking for.

Prompt 2: What do research findings say about how people can eat a nutritious diet?

Response:

When considering recent scientific research on nutrition, it's important to analyze both diet composition and dietary patterns that holistically contribute to a nutritious diet.

Could you clarify if you're interested in certain aspects of nutrition, such as the impact of macronutrients like proteins, carbs, and fats, or focusing on specific dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet? Additionally, are you looking for studies that highlight specific nutrients' effects on health outcomes?

Are you specifically looking for clinical studies, meta-analyses, or perhaps reviews that summarize the current trends and paradigms in nutritional science? Clarifying this will ensure we pinpoint precisely the type of literature that will be most beneficial.

Prompt 3: What conclusions do recent research studies make about eating a nutritious diet?

Response:

Great, I've revised the search criteria and copied them below. Take a look and edit them if necessary, then when you're ready to start the deep search, click submit.

Prompt 4: (Generated by Undermind):

I want to find recent scientific research that examines what constitutes a nutritious diet and outlines specific dietary recommendations or patterns supported by evidence, focusing on the most current consensus or conclusions on promoting overall health.

Response:

The most crucial finding from the literature search is that the Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns, rich in plant-based foods and low in processed foods, are consistently supported by recent evidence as promoting overall health and reducing risks of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes [1, 4, 5, 13].

You can find the full report and references below, but I can answer your questions about them directly. What do you want to know?

Additional information

Below this, the tool gives users the option to do:

  • Create a table comparing the top results.
  • What are important remaining open questions?
  • Write me a short review article with references.

Undermind then suggests I can access:

  • Categories of papers
  • Timeline and citation network
  • Discovery process - 21.6% (~28-62 papers found)
  • List of references: detailed here.

Editorial notes

Editorial Notes